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THYROID
DISORDERS

A thyroid disorder is a medical condition impairing the function of the thyroid. There are several types of thyroid disorders, each with different symptoms and different treatment methods.

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  • Hypothyroidism

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Thyroid Nodules

  • Thyroid Cancer

 

​Here at the Thyroid & Hormone Endocrinology Center, we are able to provide our patients with various treatments for these disorders.

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Hypothyroidism


Hypothyroidism is a common condition that occurs when the thyroid’s hormone production is low or below average. This can be a result of various disorders such as iodine deficiency, autoimmune disease (Hashimoto's disease), or pituitary disease. It can also be a symptom of certain prescription medications.

 

Hypothyroidism can cause many symptoms including:

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  • Fatigue

  • Weight gain

  • Hair thinning

  • Constipation

  • Irregular periods

  • Cold intolerance

  • Memory loss

  • Dryness of the skin

  • Rise in cholesterol levels

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Hyperthyroidism

 

Hyperthyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid’s hormone production is excessive or above average. The most common cause of this disorder is an autoimmune disorder called Grave’s disease.

 

Hyperthyroidism can cause many symptoms including:

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  • Rapid heartbeat

  • Excessive sweating

  • Tremors

  • Eye protrusion (exophthalmos)

  • Sudden weight loss

  • Irregular periods

  • Muscle weakness

  • Restlessness and anxiety

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Thyroid Nodules


A thyroid nodule is a localized "lump" within the thyroid gland that can have various characteristics. Although one of the most common endocrine disorders, not all nodules are the same. Often, the largest nodule is not necessarily the most concerning one.

 

There are certain features in thyroid nodules that increase the chance of malignancy. This includes its vascularity (the extent of blood supply), calcifications and other factors. These features help dictate the chance of malignancy and therefore we are able to determine which nodule(s) should be biopsied.

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Thyroid Cancer

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Thyroid cancer is not very common and does not cause any symptoms. It is diagnosed by doing a fine needle aspiration of the suspicious nodule. Overall, unlike other types of cancer such as lung cancer, the progression of thyroid cancer is excellent. Thyroid cancer can be treated and has a high cure rate of 98%.

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There are four major types of thyroid cancer:

 

  • Papillary

  • Follicular

  • Medullary

  • Anaplastic

 

Surgery is the main treatment for thyroid cancer (except for some rare cases of thyroid cancer). The surgeon will remove part of the thyroid gland (partial thyroidectomy) or the entire thyroid gland (full thyroidectomy). This will leave a small incision scar on the front of the neck. If the cancer had spread to nearby lymph nodes, those lymph nodes will also be dissected. Following surgery, especially after a full thyroidectomy, thyroid hormone replacement is required as the body is no longer able to produce its own thyroid hormone.

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